SAFETY OF RISPERIDONE IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDER

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological development disorder with social, communicative, and behavioral impairments. Risperidone is an antipsychotic medication that has been used for symptom relief and behavioral improvement of ASD. However, several adverse effects have  been identified. This work aimed to conduct a literature review regarding the adverse effects of risperidone, specifically in individuals with ASD. Comprehensive searches were performed in the MedLine, PsycInfo, and Science Direct databases, using the descriptors: “Autism Spectrum  Disorder”, “Risperidone,” and “Drug Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions”. Through this search, 29 articles were selected, published between 2000 and 2019. The results showed heterogeneity of adverse  reactions, the most prevalent of which were: increased appetite and weight gain, drowsiness, hyperprolactinemia, gastrointestinal symptoms, tachycardia, and extrapyramidal effects. Most are mild or moderate and well. However, more recent studies indicate that there are characteristics of  autism that can influence the response to risperidone and increase the risk  of adverse reactions, mainly linked to genetic polymorphisms, to the sharing of concomitant medical conditions drug interactions, among others. Thus,  considering the complexity of ASD and the vulnerability of autistic children  and young people, risperidone should be used with caution in this  population. Preliminary screening, monitoring of risk factors, and monitoring  of use should be done, especially when prolonged use is necessary.